2.1.3 Ground State Atoms (or Molecules) and Excited Atoms

    (or Molecules)The atom is primary particle which cannot be divided in a chemical reaction,but itcan be divided in the physical state. The atom consists of a nucleus and anextranuclear part,so it is a nuclear structure. The atom is the smallest unit of ane......查看详细>>

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2.1.4 Positive and Negative Ions

    Positive ions,negative ions and electrons are charged particles in the plasma.Positive ions are active particles that have lost electrons through collisions,andcan be determined by the supplied energy of the ionized atom or molecule. Theenergy states can ......查看详细>>

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2.2.1 Thermal Motion of Charged Particles

    Gas molecules and charged particles are constantly in thermal motion. Collisionscontinue occurring in gas mass point’s movement and the trajectory is an irregularpolyline,in which collision occurs once each turn. The thermal motion of chargedparticles in ......查看详细>>

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2.2.2 Diffusion Motion of Charged Particles

    The same kind of gas in different containers,if their temperature is the same andpressure is different,when the containers link,the pressure differential willgradually disappear until the gases in different containers mixed uniformly and thepressure in th......查看详细>>

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2.2.3 Drift Motion of Charged Particles

    When an electric field is applied in a gas,the motion of charged particles differs fromtheir random motion. In the electric field the thermal motion of the particles issuperimposed the electric field along the direction of the directional movement.This la......查看详细>>

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2.3.1 Classification of Collision Between Particles

    Collisions between particles refer to their interaction in a variety of force fields. Thecollision is not like the direct collisions between rigid balls. If the physical state ofthe particles being affected by other particles,we can consider that these pa......查看详细>>

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2.3.2 Collision Energy Transfer

    In order to intuitively understand the collision energy transferred,wediscuss colliding of two particles in a system from the classic perspectiveTo simplify the problem,set a particle with speed v1,quality m1,colliding with theother stationary particle wi......查看详细>>

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2.3.3 Collision Characteristic Parameters

    2.3.3.1 Collision Cross SectionFor collisions between two rigid balls,when the distance between them is less thanor equal to their radius r1+r2,there will be a collision. Taking the respectivedirections of movement into account,generally π(r1+r2)2 is used......查看详细>>

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2.3.4 Elastic Collisions of Electrons，Ions and Atoms

    In gas discharge,elastic collisions are most prone to happen between electrons andatoms (scattering),and only a momentum exchange occurs between the particles.The charge and potential energy do not change. For electrons,only when theelectron energy is sma......查看详细>>

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2.3.5 Excitation and Ionization of Gas Atoms

    Under the effect of external factors,the electrons of an atom may transit to a higherenergy state,which is called excitation. Ionization is the phenomenon of releasingfree electrons from a neutral atom or molecule,which is the result of having certainener......查看详细>>

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