ThreecriteriaofParetooptimalareproposedbyZitzleretal.(2008)toassesstheperformanceofthealgorithms:GD(GenerationDistance)betweensolutionsetdrawnbythealgorithmandtheidealParetoset;non-dominantParetofrontspacingrateSP(Spacing);theratioofnumberofsolutionsetsdr...[继续阅读]

    6.5.1TemperatureandprecipitationTemperatureandprecipitationarestatisticallydownscaledtolocalweatherstations.Annualandseasonaltemperatureshowsgoodagreementsbetweenobservationandprediction.Futureincreaseintemperatureisobvious[Figure6-(4)].Generally,itshowsa...[继续阅读]

    Infloodprediction,muchhigherrunofftimeseriesforecastingaccuracyisoftenrequested.Besides,theforecastingability,especiallytheforecastingintervallength,isalsoasignificantcriteriontobetakenintoconsideration.Inthisstudycase,theANNmodelhybridwaveletfunctionwasa...[继续阅读]

    ThescenariospredictanincreasingtrendoftemperatureinUYRat3.2℃by2099.EmissionA2hasresultedhighertemperatureincreasethanB2.ForscenarioA2,theprecipitationshowsageneraldropinthefuturetoamaximumreductionof8.2%.Increaseoccursinthenorthernandeasternareasandthesou...[继续阅读]

    Thepresenceofhydrologicalmodelsismotivatedbypracticalengineeringproblems.Hydrologicalmodelingiscreatedtounderstandtherelationshipbetweenrainfallandrunoffinthelate19thcenturyaimingtosolveengineeringproblemslikeurbansewerdesign,drainagesystemsdesign,andspil...[继续阅读]

    Post-processingincludesLH-OATglobalsensitivityanalysis,singleormulti-objectiveparametercalibration,spatialdisplayandstatisticalanalysisofmodelresults.Thedevelopmentofautomaticparameterestimationmodulesallowstheusertoavoidthetediousmanualmodelcalibration,a...[继续阅读]

    UYRregionislocatedinwesthighlandgeographicalregionofChina(Figure6-1).Itischaracterizedwithabundantwaterquantityandlandresourcespotential.TheriveroriginatesfromQinghai-Tibetanplateau.Drainageareacoversapproximately983000km2(Latitude:25.4°-35.8°N,Longtitude...[继续阅读]

    Withthefastdevelopmentofhydrologicalmodel,themodelcomplexityhasbeenincreased.Comparedtoconceptuallumpedmodel,distributedhydrologicalmodelrequireshighercomputationalcapability.Meanwhile,overparameterization(Beven,1989),hypernonlinearparameterspacecancausee...[继续阅读]

    Logically,catchment,rivernetwork,andcorrespondingattributesarethemainelementsweshouldobtainbeforewecansetupahydrologicalmodel.TheflowchartofhydrologicanalysiscanbeshowninFigure2-1.Indistributedhydrologicalmodeling,thefirstthingishydrologicalanalysisthatis...[继续阅读]

    Well-developedGISsystemsprovidesstrongspatialandattributedataanalysisandcalculationfunctions,e.g.rivernetworkcodingespeciallyusingPfafstettermethod(Pfafstetter,1989);automaticoperationsonsub-basindelineation;efficientinterpolationofrainfallandmeteorologic...[继续阅读]