位置大数据隐私保护研究综述

摘要： 大数据时代移动通信和传感设备等位置感知技术的发展形成了位置大数据,为人们的生活、商业运作方法以及科学研究带来了巨大收益.由于位置大数据用途多样,内容交叉冗余,经典的基于"知情与同意"以及匿名的隐私保护方法不能全面地保护用户隐私.位置大数据的隐私保护技术度量用户的位置隐私,在信息论意义上保护用户的敏感信息.介绍了位置大数据的概念以及位置大数据的隐私威胁,总结了针对位置大数据隐私的统一的基于度量的攻击模型,对目前位置大数据隐私保护领域已有的研究成果进行了归纳.根据位置隐私的保护程度,可以把现有方法总结为基于启发式隐私度量、概率推测和隐私信息检索的位置大数据隐私保护技术.对各类位置隐私保护技术的基本原理、特点进行了阐述,并重点介绍了当前该领域的前沿问题:基于隐私信息检索的位置隐私保护技术.在对已有技术深入分析对比的基础上,指出了未来在位置大数据与非位置大数据相结合、用户背景知识不确定等情况下保护用户位置隐私的发展方向.
Development of mobile communication and sensing technologies forms location based big data, bringing revolution to human's living, business pattern and scientific research. Diversity of usage patterns and redundancy among various sources of location based big data make it impossible for classical location preservation methods to protect privacy systemically. Privacy preservation for location based big data measures user's location privacy in all possible aspects and therefore protects user's privacy in information theory semantic. Starting with an introduction to the concept of location based big data, its associated privacy threats and a universal measurement-based attack model, this paper surveys the state of the art of privacy preservation techniques for location based big data. Based on different privacy protecting strength, various big privacy preservation techniques can be categorized into heuristic privacy measurement, probability deduction and private information retrieval based technologies. The principles, mechanisms and characteristics of various techniques are described in detail, with special emphasis on a proceeding research topic: Private information retrieval based technology. Following a comprehensive analysis and comparison of existing techniques, privacy protecting for location based big data under situations like combination of location information and non location information and attacker's arbitrary background knowledge is highlighted as future research directions.