转型经济中新兴组织场域的制度创业研究——以中国VC/PE行业为例

摘要： 基于组织分析的新制度主义观点,本文重点探讨了制度创业作用于转型经济体内新兴组织场域发展的机理,并以中国风险投资/私募股权投资(VC/PE)行业为案例研究载体,深入解析了转型经济下新兴组织场域制度创业的演变过程,并对每个阶段制度创业的动因及制度创业者的作用进行了分析。分析得出:①整个场域制度创业的过程也是合法性获取与确立的过程,政府自始至终发挥着重要作用,国有、民营与外资创业投资在场域发展不同阶段呈现出不同功能。②与西方成熟经济下的组织场域不同,转型经济体中新兴组织场域的形成一开始就受到了计划经济体制的影响,并在旧有体制与新兴市场经济需求的制度矛盾与主体利益双重推动下不断完善。③转型经济条件下新兴组织场域的建立具有一定的循环往复特征,呈现出"沉淀不稳与去制度化—前制度化—理论化—前制度化—理论化—扩散化"的过程。本文在实践层面的意义主要体现在对于转型经济体其他新兴组织场域比如战略新兴产业的培育与发展上。
Drawing form the new institutionalism,this paper is positioned to investigate how institutional entrepreneurship contribute the formation and development of an emerging organizational field.Based on the analysis of the key players,process,and underlying mechanisms of institutional entrepreneurship,this paper takes the VC/ PE sector as the focal field and,by employing rigorous case method,examines the evolution dynamics of this emerging organizational field.We conclude that: ①The evolutionary process of organizational field by itself is the process of gaining legitimacy,and in the Chinese context the government plays a crucial role while other actors such as state-owned,privately-owned,and foreign-owned VC/PE investors function differently across various stages;② The formation and development of emerging field in transition economies are heavily influenced by the institutional residuals;and ③ The development of emerging field in transition economies is complex and highly volatile and undergoes the process of deinstitutionalization—preinstitutionalization—theorization—preinstitutionalization— theorization—diffusion.Practical implications and contribution are discussed.