商业保险与社会保障关系的演进与重构

摘要： 商业保险与社会保障都是应对人类自身风险的管理机制,但又分属于市场机制与社会机制。改革开放以来,商业保险与社会保障之间的关系一直处于争议之中,这种争议甚至直接影响了制度安排与政策实践。因此,迫切需要理清二者之间的关系。商业保险独立于社会保障制度之外,又对社会保障制度形成必要的补充。商业保险虽然可以纳入广义的社会保障体系,但不宜改变其补充地位,即社会保障必须承担起维护社会公平并解除国民后顾之忧的职责,而商业保险则应当适应市场规则,并在寻求自身发展的同时,发挥弥补社会保障不足的作用,二者应当在尊重各自规律的基础上分工协作、有机结合,相得益彰地共同发展。
Both commercial insurance and social security are management mechanism to respond to people's own risks.But at the same time,they belong to market mechanism and social mechanism.Since the reform and opening-up policy in China,there has been an on-going discussion on the relationship between commercial insurance and social security,which directly affected institutional arrangements and policy practices.Based on carding-related perspective,commercial insurance is dependent of social security and that it is a necessary complement to the formation of social security.Although commercial insurance can be brought into the social security system in a broader sense,it should be a kind of additional position.That is,social security must not only take the responsibility of protecting social equity and of solving people's problems in their lives,but should be adapted to market regulation,encouraged to find their own path of development and to play additional roles in the development of social security.Both commercial insurance and social security must keep up coordination and distribution of responsibilities,systematic combination on the basis of their respective laws and they must work together in harmony.