摘要： [目的]根据2016年全国肿瘤登记中心收集的全国各登记处恶性肿瘤登记资料,估计我国2013年恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况。[方法]按照全国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准,对全国上报2013年肿瘤登记数据的347个登记处数据进行评估,255个登记处的数据符合标准。将入选的登记处按地区(城乡)、性别、年龄别以及恶性肿瘤类型的发病率和死亡率分层,结合2013年全国人口数据,估计全国恶性肿瘤发病、死亡情况。标准人口以2000年全国人口普查的人口和Segi’s标准人口结构为标准。[结果]2013年纳入分析的255个登记处共覆盖登记人口226494490人(其中城市111595772人,农村114898718人)。病理诊断比例(MV%)为67.89%,只有死亡医学证明书比例(DCO%)为1.81%,死亡/发病比(M/I)为0.62。据估计,全国2013年新发恶性肿瘤病例约368.2万例,死亡病例222.9万例。全国恶性肿瘤发病率为270.59/10万(男性293.79/10万,女性246.21/10万),中国人口标化发病率为190.17/10万,世界人口标化发病率为186.15/10万,累积发病率(0~74岁)为21.60%。城市地区发病率为283.79/10万,中国人口标化发病率为193.53/10万;农村地区发病率为255.27/10万,中国人口标化发病率为185.42/10万。全国恶性肿瘤死亡率为163.83/10万(男性201.67/10万,女性124.06/10万),中国人口标化死亡率为109.95/10万,世界人口标化死亡率为108.94/10万,累积死亡率(0~74岁)为12.33%。城市地区死亡率为161.48/10万,中国人口标化死亡率为104.57/10万;农村地区死亡率为166.57/10万,中国人口标化死亡率为116.42/10万。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、女性乳腺癌、食管癌是我国主要的常见的恶性肿瘤,约占全部肿瘤新发病例的66%。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、结直肠癌是主要的肿瘤死因,约占全部肿瘤死亡病例的70%。[结论]肿瘤登记作为肿瘤防治工作的基础,可为制定中长期肿瘤防治策略提供可靠依据。我国城乡地区肿瘤负担差异明显,应根据实际情况有重点地开展防治工作。 [Purpose]In2016,NationalCentralCancerRegistry(NCCR)collectedregistrationdatain2013fromlocalcancerregistriestoestimatecancerincidenceandmortalityinChina.[Methods]Registrationdatafrom347cancerregistrieswereevaluatedaccordingtothecriteriaofqualitycontrolfromNCCRanddatafrom255registrieswerequalifiedaspooleddataforfinalanalysis.Individualcaseswerestratifiedbyareas(urban/rural),gender,agegroupandcancersites.Cancerincidenceandmortalitywereestimatedusingnationalpopulation.ThefifthChinesepopulationcensusin2000andSegispopulationwereappliedtotheage-standardizedincidence/mortalityrates.[Results]Thecoverageofpopulationfrom255cancerregistries(88inurbanand167inrural)were226494490(111595772inurbanand114898718inruralareas).Theestimatesofnewcancercasesandcancerdeathswere3682thousandsand2229thousandsin2013,respectively.Themorphologyverifiedcases(MV%)accountedfor67.89%and1.81%ofincidentcaseswereidentifiedthroughdeathcertificationsonly(DCO%)withamortalitytoincidenceratio(M/I)of0.62.ThecrudeincidencerateinChinawas270.59/105(males293.79/105,females246.21/105),age-standardizedincidenceratesbyChinesestandardpopulation(ASIRC)andbyworldstandardpopulationwere190.17/105and186.15/105withthecumulativeincidencerate(0~74yearsold)of21.60%.ThecancerincidenceandASIRCwere283.79/105and193.53/105inurbanareaswhereasinruralareas,theywere255.27/105and185.42/105,respectively.ThecancermortalityinChinawas163.83/105(201.67/105inmalesand124.06/105infemales),age-standardizedmortalitybyChinesestandardpopulation(ASMRC)andbyworldstandardpopulationwere109.95/105and108.94/105,andthecumulativemortalityrate(0~74yearsold)was12.33%.ThecancermortalityandASMRCwere161.48/105and104.57/105inurbanareas,whereasinruralareas,theywere166.57/105and116.42/105,respectively.Lungcancer,gastriccancer,livercancer,colorectalcancer,femalebreastcancer,esophagealcancerwerethemostcommoncancers,accountingforabout66%ofallcancercasesinurbanandruralareas.Lungcancer,livercancer,gastriccancer,esophagealcancer,colorectalcanceraccountedforabout70%ofallcancerdeaths.[Conclusion]Asthebasisofcancercontrolprogram,cancerregistryplaysanimportantroleinmakinganti-cancerstrategyinmediumandlongterminChina.AscancerpatternsaredifferentbetweenurbanandruralareasinChina,preventionandcontrolshouldbeimplementedbasedonpracticalsituation.
开通会员