8.1.1 Pinhole or bubbleThe pinhole is the film ( or part) is penetrated by holes and the small bubble is on the surfaceof film. The main reason for the formation of pinholes and bubble is that there is no reasonablebalance between the evaporation rate and...[继续阅读]

    On the following pages we will outline the items that indicate the properties of syntheticleather. These chemical and physical properties can be determined or measured.(1) The water resistanceIt mainly is used to measure the degree of water resistance of ...[继续阅读]

    1. 1 Classification of artificial leatherAt present,there is no unanimous rule about the classification of artificial leather andsynthetic leather. Generally speaking,in the manufacturing process of artificial leather,thewoven fabrics in which the warp an...[继续阅读]

    With the development of industry,especially in the 21th century,the environment protectionmore and more get the attention of the world. Solventborn resin contain a lot of volatile organicsolvent (VOC) and it will be discharged into the atmosphere,so it ca...[继续阅读]

    7.2.1 The manufacturing principle of sea-island fiberThe spinning principle of unfigured sea-island fiber is as follows. Under certain conditionstwo (or more) thermodynamically incompatible polymer blend together,in which one of polymers(dispersed phase) ...[继续阅读]

    Fibers are mainly used to manufacture nonwoven fabrics which constitute the backbone ofleather. Conventional chemical fibers include polyester and nylon fibers. The main reason is theyhave excellent flexibility,abrasion resistance,fatigue resistance and s...[继续阅读]

    The application viscosity of solutions of polyurethanes in organic solvents required fortechnical reasons imposes a restriction in terms of the molecular weight. By contrast,polyurethane/urea dispersions can be produced in the heterogeneous phase with alm...[继续阅读]

    4.3.1 The principle of film-forming/pore-forming4.3.1.1 The mechanism of coagulationThe introduction of non-solvent into the polymer solution system can cause phase separation,so that the film is formed. This kind of technics usually is three-phase system...[继续阅读]

    A thin layer of surface treating agent is coated on finished leather,which can improve theappearance,handle,color,pattern and mechanical properties of surface,such as lusterintensification and extinction. The purpose is to make the products meet the requi...[继续阅读]

    3.3.1 Preparation for web forming3.3.1.1 Procedures before web formingThe fibers with certain length and linear density can be formed web by carding. But in orderto achieve favorable carding effect,the raw materials must be treated by a series of processi...[继续阅读]