族裔-文化经济和地方协商:广州建设六马路的跨国饮食消费景观研究

摘要： 近年来,跨国族裔在中国大城市日渐扮演重要的角色,为不少研究所关注。过往不少研究针对相关族裔聚居区或族裔经济区进行分析,但缺乏对微观的消费文化景观的探究。本研究以广州市建设六马路的跨国饮食消费景观为例,通过半结构访谈,参与式观察,文献分析和语义差异测量等方法,分析了跨国族裔如何通过消费景观和饮食实践与其他社会群体和移入地的社会经济背景进行协商。研究发现,饮食消费景观不仅为跨国族裔维系和生产身份认同的重要资源,也有被一些跨国经营者和本地商家塑造为独特的文化标签的可能。同时,本地消费者通过这种消费空间的环境和商品文化的感知和想象,也接纳和认同了这种空间。多元混杂的社群也不乏越界交流,以通过开放边界和共存合作面对危机。籍此,通过文化距离和语义差异测量进一步验证,在不同文化群体的文化行动逻辑之下,建设六马路的跨国消费空间同时也可被不同文化群体所接纳和认同。
Transnational ethnics play an increasingly crucial role in contemporary Chinese metropolis. As a majority of the studies have underscored the ethnic economic enclave, these researches overlooked the importance of landscapes of consumption in a micro level. Therefore, the paper attempts to consider the formation and characteristics of "ethnic places" from the perspective of new cultural geography. By the means of semi-structured interview, participant observation, documents, cultural distance measurement and semantic differential method, the paper investigates how the transnational ethnics negotiate with other social groups and the socioeconomic context of place in the Jianshe 6 Road, Guangzhou, China. The research finds that not only is food consumption the important resource for transnational ethnics to contest and maintain identity, but it is also possible to be transformed into unique cultural symbols by some translocal and local operators. Meanwhile, because of its cultural diversity, the Jianshe 6 Road has been represented and labelled as the "the most romantic place in Guangzhou" by the local medias. By perceiving and imagining the physical environments and the culture of products of such consumptive space, the local consumers have accepted these cultural spaces. There are also cross-border interactions engaged by pluralist communities,especially in a crisis period. Furthermore, the paper employs the means of cultural distance measurement and semantic differential to identify that, although shaped by the cultural logics of different actors, transnational consumption space in the Jianshe 6 Road is able to be embraced by different social groups simultaneously. Consequently, the meanings of such translocal place are influenced by the cross-cultural identity of transnational ethnics, cultural economy and the local consumers' positive perception of the ethnic-consumptive landscape. The results enrich the empirical research of social and cultural geography studies on foreign communities in China, illustrating that the place-makings of ethnic space and landscape are shaped by heterogeneous trans-ethnic relations and specific socioeconomic context. In addition, the research can contribute to China's urban migrant policies and the construction of multicultural global cities.