基于国民经济核算体系的剩余价值率计算:理论与中国经验

摘要： 本文结合中国国民经济核算的特点重新阐释了计算剩余价值率的ST方法,并计算了中国1993-2015年的剩余价值率。本文指出ST方法中界定的次级部门,即除贸易部门以外的非生产部门,直接的含义是以非生产劳动为媒介,以费用的形式从生产部门转移剩余价值的部门,其收入的性质并非包括谢克和图纳克本人在内的很多学者理解的"租"。本文计算的中国1993-2015年剩余价值率表明,2012年以来中国剩余价值率增长陷入停滞,将金融、商业服务等分配性次级部门和贸易部门转移的剩余价值剔除之后呈明显下降趋势。对比剔除农业和保留农业两种口径下的剩余价值率可以发现,农业家庭经营对于中国非农部门维持较高的剩余价值率,进而保持较高的经济增长率有重要意义。
This paper reinterprets the widely used ST method to calculate the rate of surplus value(RSV),evaluating China's RSV from 1993 to 2015.In this context,it is argued that the outcome of the secondary or non-productive sectors other than the commercial sector is the surplus value transferred from the productive sectors in the form of "expenses"through non-productive labour instead of"royalties",and not as many scholars use the method as Shaikh and Tonak suggest.RSV estimation in China between 1993 and 2015 indicates that the distributive secondary and trade sectors have transferred a higher surplus value from the productive sectors,inducing a downward trend in China's RSV retention in these sectors.Compared to the RSV under the elimination and conservation methods in the agricultural sector, it is observed that household farming is very important in maintaining a high rate of surplus value in the non-agricultural sector in China and thus it has a high rate of economic growth.